H Guillaume,
36. Action Out of Turn. Action out of turn will be binding if the action to that player has not changed. A check, call or fold does not change action. If action changes, the out of turn bet is not binding & is returned to the out of turn player who has all options: calling, raising, or folding. An out-of-turn fold is binding.
I personally have a different angle on this rule which I rewrote to the following, as I do not permit the 'retract and re-consider' option the TDA follows:
46 Verbal Declarations / Acting in Turn - Verbal declarations in turn are binding. Players are required to act in turn. Action out of turn examples :
Calling out of turn – If player 4 calls, before player 3 has acted, then player 4 is committed to the call. However if player 3 then raises, player 4 must either call the raise or fold and lose the chips of their initial call.
Raising out of turn – If Player 4 raises before player 3 acts, player 4 is committed to the amount of raise declared, or a minimum raise if no amount is stated. However if player 3 then raises, player 4 can only call the raise of player 3 or fold and lose the chips of their initial raise.
By the book TDA rules suggest player C can retract his check and now raise as action has changed. I don't think that's how the rule should be interpreted though, and player C becasue of his check should always be bound to passive action (call or fold) until the next street or until for example player D changes the action again.
There is Substantial Action to consider also, namely the missed player making sure he brings attention and stops action, before he looses the right to act on his hand.
Regards
Stuart